Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
The Substances Added to Food inventory replaces what was previously known as Everything Added to Foods in the United States (EAFUS).
The Substances Added to Food inventory includes the following types of ingredients regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- Food additives and color additives that are listed in FDA regulations (21 CFR Parts 172, 173 and Parts 73, 74, 82 respectively), and flavoring substances evaluated by FEMA* and JECFA*.
- Note that for a substance to be used as a color additive in the US, it must be authorized by a regulation in 21 CFR Part 73, 74, or 82.
- Generally Recognized as Safe (“GRAS”) substances that are listed in FDA regulations (21 CFR Parts 182 and 184).
- Substances approved for specific uses in foods prior to September 6, 1958, known as prior-sanctioned substances (21 CFR Part 181).
- Substances formerly used:
- Prohibited substances that are listed in FDA regulations (21 CFR Part 189) as prohibited from use in food (labeled as "PROHIBITED" or "PROHIBITED WITH EXCEPTIONS").
- Delisted color additives in FDA regulations (21 CFR 81.10 and/or 81.30) (labeled as "DELISTED").
- Some substances "no longer FEMA GRAS"
It is important to note that the inventory is only a partial list of food ingredients. Inclusion in this inventory of information from non-FDA entities does not indicate an FDA approval or evaluation of this use.
Users also have the option to search multiple food ingredient and packaging inventories at one time. This includes the following substances not listed in the Substances Added to Food inventory:
- Most substances listed in the inventory of GRAS Notices.
- Indirect food additives such as packaging adhesives, paperboard, and other food contact substances, unless they are also known to be directly added to food.
For more information, please refer to Food Ingredient and Packaging Inventories.
Search and display hints
- Select the Substance name below to view the additional details about the substance.
- To sort by a specific field, click on the column header for that field.
- To browse the records, use the Show All, First/Previous/Next/Last, and Jump To options at the bottom of the data table.
- To search for a specific term (or phrase or partial word), enter that term in the Search box and select Show Items to display only those records that contain the selected term.
- The search results may include terms not shown on the results pages, but included in the full record descriptions. For example, a search for “gum Arabic” will find the substance “Acacia”.
- The search results will return hits of records containing words that include the search term. For example, a search for the color red will return results that include terms such as reducing, ingredient, and denatured.
CAS Reg. No.* (or other ID) |
Substance*
(sorted A-Z) |
Used for*† (Technical Effect) |
21 CFR* |
---|---|---|---|
64-19-7 | ACETIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
73.85 172.814 173.370 184.1005 |
107-02-8 | ACROLEIN | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
172.892 176.300 |
7727-54-0 | AMMONIUM PERSULFATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FUMIGANT |
172.892 175.105 176.170 177.1200 178.3520 |
50-81-7 | ASCORBIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SEQUESTRANT, STABILIZER OR THICKENER |
172.280 182.3013 182.8013 |
65-85-0 | BENZOIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
175.300 177.1390 184.1021 |
495-62-5 | BISABOLENE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
|
25013-16-5 | BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT |
172.110 172.115 172.185 172.515 172.615 173.340 175.105 175.125 175.300 175.380 175.390 176.170 176.210 177.1010 177.1350 178.3570 179.45 181.24 182.3169 |
2090-05-3 | CALCIUM BENZOATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 178.2010 |
4075-81-4 | CALCIUM PROPIONATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT |
179.45 181.23 184.1221 |
124-38-9 | CARBON DIOXIDE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, FORMULATION AID, FREEZING OR COOLING AGENT, DIRECT CONTACT, PH CONTROL AGENT, PROCESSING AID, PROPELLANT, SOLVENT |
184.1240 |
977031-84-7 | CATALASE FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ENZYME, PROCESSING AID |
|
81457-95-6 | CATALASE FROM BOVINE LIVER |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ENZYME, PROCESSING AID |
184.1034 |
977090-05-3 | CATALASE FROM PENICILLIUM NOTATUM |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ENZYME, PROCESSING AID |
|
7782-50-5 | CHLORINE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FUMIGANT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
|
10049-04-4 | CHLORINE DIOXIDE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, FUMIGANT |
173.300 178.1010 |
977091-22-7 | CHLORINE SOLUTION, AQUEOUS |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FUMIGANT |
|
77-92-9 | CITRIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, ENZYME, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, LEAVENING AGENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SEQUESTRANT, SOLVENT OR VEHICLE, SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT |
73.85 172.755 172.861 173.160 173.165 173.280 178.1010 184.1033 |
520-45-6 | DEHYDROACETIC ACID | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
172.130 175.105 |
10222-01-2 | 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
173.320 175.105 176.170 176.300 |
4525-33-1 | DIMETHYL DICARBONATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 172.133 |
138-93-2 | DISODIUM CYANODITHIOIMIDOCARBONATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
173.320 175.105 176.300 178.3120 181.30 |
142-59-6 | DISODIUM ETHYLENEBISDITHIOCARBAMATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
173.320 176.300 |
12650-88-3 | EGG WHITE LYSOZYME |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ENZYME |
|
89-65-6 | ERYTHORBIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, CURING OR PICKLING AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
175.105 182.3041 |
64-17-5 | ETHYL ALCOHOL |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, EMULSIFIER OR EMULSIFIER SALT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PROCESSING AID, SOLVENT OR VEHICLE |
73.30 73.345 73.615 172.340 172.560 172.580 175.105 176.180 176.200 177.1200 177.1650 178.1010 184.1293 |
75-21-8 | ETHYLENE OXIDE--NLFG |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FUMIGANT |
172.710 172.808 175.105 176.180 176.210 177.2470 178.3520 |
110-17-8 | FUMARIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, CURING OR PICKLING AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, LEAVENING AGENT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
172.350 172.808 172.810 172.822 175.105 175.300 175.320 176.170 177.1200 177.2420 |
7722-84-1 | HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, FUMIGANT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT |
172.167 172.723 172.814 172.892 173.315 173.356 173.370 175.105 178.1005 178.1010 184.1366 |
50-21-5 | LACTIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, CURING OR PICKLING AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SOLVENT OR VEHICLE |
172.814 178.1010 184.1061 |
977188-21-8 | LISTERIA-SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGE PREPARATION | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 172.785 |
97-67-6 | L-MALIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT, SYNERGIST |
184.1069 |
93-58-3 | METHYL BENZOATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
172.515 |
977050-68-2 | METHYL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS (EDIBLE) | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
172.225 176.200 177.1200 178.3910 |
99-76-3 | METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
172.515 181.23 184.1490 |
79-11-8 | MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID--PROHIBITED WITH EXCEPTIONS | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
175.105 189.155 |
977127-33-5 | NISIN PREPARATION | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 184.1538 |
977124-88-1 | NITRATES, SODIUM & POTASSIUM |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PROPELLANT |
170.60 181.33 |
977124-89-2 | NITRITES, SODIUM & POTASSIUM |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PROPELLANT |
170.60 181.34 |
10028-15-6 | OZONE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
173.368 184.1563 |
90-43-7 | O-PHENYLPHENOL |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT |
175.105 176.210 177.1632 177.2600 178.1010 |
7664-38-2 | PHOSPHORIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, FUMIGANT, MALTING OR FERMENTING AID, NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENER, PH CONTROL AGENT, SEQUESTRANT |
73.275 73.85 175.300 177.2260 178.1010 178.3520 182.1073 |
582-25-2 | POTASSIUM BENZOATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 177.1210 |
7773-03-7 | POTASSIUM BISULFITE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT | 182.3616 |
16731-55-8 | POTASSIUM METABISULFITE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT |
182.3637 |
137-41-7 | POTASSIUM N-METHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE | ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT |
173.320 175.105 176.300 178.3120 |
7757-79-1 | POTASSIUM NITRATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT |
172.160 181.33 181.34 |
143-18-0 | POTASSIUM OLEATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, EMULSIFIER OR EMULSIFIER SALT, FORMULATION AID, STABILIZER OR THICKENER |
172.863 175.300 181.29 |
24634-61-5 | POTASSIUM SORBATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, ANTIOXIDANT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
182.3640 182.90 |
593-29-3 | POTASSIUM STEARATE |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FORMULATION AID, LUBRICANT OR RELEASE AGENT, STABILIZER OR THICKENER |
172.615 172.863 173.340 175.300 179.45 181.29 |
79-09-4 | PROPIONIC ACID |
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT |
178.1010 184.1081 |
*Definitions
- CAS Reg. No. (or other ID): Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Number® for the substance or a numerical code assigned by CFSAN to those substances that do not have a CAS Registry Number (977nnn-nn-n series).
- Substance: The name of the ingredient as recognized by CFSAN.
- Used for† (Technical Effect): The physical or technical effect(s) the substance has in or on food; see 21 CFR 170.3(o) for definitions.
- 21 CFR: Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
- FEMA No.: The trade association, Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA), has established expert panels to evaluate and make independent determinations on the GRAS status of flavoring substances. The FEMA number is provided here as a reference to FEMA’s GRAS assessments.
- NLFG is no longer FEMA GRAS™.
- For more information about FEMA GRAS, see About the FEMA GRAS™ Program <. >
- JECFA: The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international expert scientific committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). See JECFA Specifications for Flavourings < >
†Color Additives
- For a substance to be used as a color additive in the US, it must be authorized by a regulation in 21 CFR Part 73, 74, or 82.
CAS Reg. No.* (or other ID) |
Substance*
(sorted A-Z) |
Used for*† (Technical Effect) |
21 CFR* |
---|